■ プロンプトの目的
このプロンプトは大学生に学術英語ライティングを教えるためのものです。学生が自分で書いた英文に対して、AIが語法添削と３種類の文体改訂を提示します。大学生は学術英語の文体に慣れていませんから、自分の英文がどのようにAIに改訂されるかを見て、文体感覚を育てます。なお、ここでの学術英語文体は、日本の大学生が多用しすぎる、一人称・二人称代名詞や疑問文を一律に禁じています。実際の論文ではそれらの表現も巧みに使われることがありますが、ここでは教育の一過程として、まずはそれらを避けるように指導しています。
■ 作成の背景
これまで学習者が入力した英文の改訂例を2種類出していた「ChatGPT学術英語ライティング添削・改訂プロンプト」を、改訂例を3種類出力するようにしてVer.4と呼ぶことにしました。
改訂例を増やしたのは、それが学生さんの英語ライティング力をより促進すると考えたからです。私は下の図のプロセスで、このプロンプトを使った英語ライティングの授業を行っています。
学生さんは1aで即興的に英語を書く訓練をし、2aでChatGPTからのフィードバックを元に反省的な学びをして自分の英語表現力を深め広げます。教師としての私はその学びのレポートを2bでチェックし、学生さんに助言・指導をします。レポートを見ていますと、学生さんにはこれまでの米国大学入学レベルと学術誌レベルの2つの間のレベルの改訂例を与えた方がライティング力が伸びると思い始めました。そこでその中間レベルを生成する、このVer.4を作成したわけです。
追記（2023/12/05）
Ver.4.1に改訂しました。Ver. 4.1では、プロンプトの定義部分（##）を課題部分の内部に"""印で挟み込むように組み込むことで、語法添削の出力（下の出力の1）ができるだけ機械的な誤りを訂正するだけにするようにしました。"Step by Step"の原則に、より忠実になるような改訂と言えるかと思います。
追記（2023/12/07）
Ver. 4.1.1に改訂し、語法添削リストで、添削していない文は出力しないようにしました。
追記（2024/01/23）
Ver.4.2に改訂しました。改訂でより平易な英文が出力されるように調整し、3つのレベルを "High School Level", "College Level", "Academic Journal Level" と名づけました。なお、プロンプトのStep 4とStep 5の参照元をStep 3の結果としておくと、若干の内容の書き換えが生じる事例が観察されましたので、下では参照元をStep 1の結果としています。総じて、Ver. 4.2 は改訂を抑制的にしたものだといえます。
■ Ver.4.2 の出力
要は、このプロンプトを使うことによって、学習者は次のフィードバックをChatGPTから得ることができるわけです。
1 語法を添削した文章
2 語法添削のポイント
3 改訂1：高校レベル
4 改訂2：大学レベル
5 改訂3：学術誌レベル
なお、私のプロンプト作成のほとんどは、自分の授業に使うためです。この記事の読者でプロンプトに興味をもった方は、そのままコピーして利用しても結構ですし、一部修正してお使いになっても結構です。
■ プロンプト
# ROLE
You are a college instructor of academic English writing, which respect the style of "plain language."
# TASKS
Execute the following tasks step by step:
Step 1: Review the student's text (delimited by three equals) and correct any spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors. Do not make stylistic changes at this stage.
Step 2: Compile a detailed list of the corrections made in Step 1, each marked with an alphabetical identifier (starting from "a."). Include explanations for each correction.
Step 3: Slightly refine the result of Step 1 without omitting its specific information and details: The refinement must be in the academic English at the high school level that respects the plain language style, which is defined below:
"""
## PLAIN LANGUAGE STYLE
-Strive for clear, accessible writing.
-Avoid complex or overly formal expressions.
-Use concise sentences that still maintain academic depth.
## ACADEMIC ENGLISH STYLE
Academic English must avoid the following:
-Exclude first-person pronouns ("I," "we") and second-person pronouns ("you," "your").
-Avoid asking questions.
-Avoid tag questions (like "isn't it?").
-Eliminate contractions (e.g., "don't," "can't," "it's").
-Avoid comma splices and run-on sentences.
-Avoid excessively short sentences.
"""
Step 4: Slightly refine the result of Step 1 in the academic English at the college entry level that respects the plain language style; Do not omit the content's information and details.
Step 5: Slightly refine the result of Step 1 for publication in the academic journals that highly respects readability by adopting the plain language style; Do not omit the content's information and details.
# OUTPUT
Print out the following seven outputs.
1. **Usage Correction**: <the result of Step 1>
2. **Usage Issues**: <the result of Step 2>
3. **Revision 1: High School Level**: <the result of Step 3>
4. **Revision 2: College Level**: <the result of Step 4>
5. **Revision 3: Academic Journal Level**: <the result of Step 5>
===
ここに添削・改訂してもらいたい英文を入力する
===
■ 出力例
以下の文章（学生さんが書きそうな英文）を入力した出力例を下にコピーします。添削・改訂共に完璧ではありませんが、ChatGPTのフィードバックを元にして自分の言いたいことを表現する力を付けるのが授業の大きな狙いの1つです。
＞入力した文章：始まり
Many people love music, but do not know anything about speakers. Do you know that many speakers have holes? They are usually round, but sometimes not round. They are big fluto and make big bass sound. These speakers, by the way, are called ported speakers, because holes are ports. Because of ports, these speakers make big sound although they are not really big in size. People like big bass and company sell these speaker for this reason. But some people like sealed box speakers that doesn't have holes. They know holes are bad for sound. You should know more about speaker. So I'll explain why ported speaker are bad in this essay.
＞入力した文章：終わり
***以下がVer. 4.2の出力例***
1. Usage Correction:
Many people love music but do not know anything about speakers. Do you know that many speakers have holes? They are usually round, but sometimes not. They produce a big flute-like and deep bass sound. These speakers, by the way, are called ported speakers, because the holes are ports. Because of the ports, these speakers produce a big sound although they are not really big in size. People like a deep bass, and companies sell these speakers for this reason. But some people prefer sealed box speakers that do not have holes. They know holes are detrimental to sound quality. You should learn more about speakers. So, I will explain why ported speakers are inferior in this essay.
2. Usage Issues:
a. "do not" instead of "do not know": Corrected to maintain subject-verb agreement.
b. "They are big fluto" to "They produce a big flute-like": Corrected for clarity and coherence.
c. "make big bass sound" to "deep bass sound": Changed for better word choice and accuracy.
d. "because holes are ports" to "because the holes are ports": Added the definite article for clarity.
e. "People like big bass and company sell" to "People like a deep bass, and companies sell": Corrected for grammatical accuracy and clarity.
f. "these speaker" to "these speakers": Corrected for plural consistency.
g. "doesn't have" to "do not have": Corrected to match subject-verb agreement.
h. "holes are bad for sound" to "holes are detrimental to sound quality": Improved wording for academic style.
i. "more about speaker" to "more about speakers": Ensured plural consistency.
j. "explain why ported speaker are bad" to "explain why ported speakers are inferior": Improved academic phrasing and corrected plural agreement.
3. Revision 1: High School Level:
Many people enjoy music but lack knowledge about speakers. It is interesting to note that numerous speakers have holes. These are generally round, but can vary in shape. They produce a significant flute-like and deep bass sound. Such speakers are termed 'ported speakers' because these holes act as ports. The presence of ports enables these speakers to produce a substantial sound despite their moderate size. A deep bass sound is popular among consumers, leading companies to market these speakers. However, there is a preference among some individuals for sealed box speakers, which lack holes. They believe that holes compromise sound quality. It is beneficial to understand more about speaker types. Therefore, this essay will elucidate why ported speakers may be considered suboptimal.
4. Revision 2: College Level:
Many individuals appreciate music but often lack understanding about the technical aspects of speakers. Notably, a significant number of speakers feature holes, typically round in shape, though variations exist. These speakers generate an expansive flute-like sound along with deep bass. Termed as 'ported speakers,' these devices utilize holes as ports, enhancing their sound output despite their relatively compact size. The preference for deep bass tones drives the commercial success of these speakers. Conversely, some audio enthusiasts opt for sealed box speakers, devoid of holes, believing that this design ensures superior sound quality. A comprehensive understanding of speaker technology is valuable. Consequently, this essay will critically analyze the drawbacks of ported speakers.
5. Revision 3: Academic Journal Level:
A substantial segment of music enthusiasts, while passionate about the art, often exhibit limited knowledge regarding speaker technology. A prevalent feature in many speaker designs is the inclusion of holes, predominantly circular but occasionally deviating in shape. These openings contribute to the generation of an expansive, flute-like sound spectrum and pronounced bass frequencies. Referred to as 'ported speakers,' these devices employ holes as acoustic ports, effectively augmenting their sonic output in spite of their modest dimensions. The consumer inclination towards pronounced bass responses has propelled the marketability of these speakers. In contrast, a segment of audiophiles demonstrates a preference for sealed box speakers, which eschew such openings, based on the premise that this enhances sound fidelity. An in-depth comprehension of speaker design principles is advantageous. Thus, this essay intends to offer a critical examination of the limitations inherent in ported speaker systems.
***出力例は以上で終わり***
