カスタムGPT「英文の文法解析」を作りました。AIが文法構造を説明してくれます。

 

ChatGPTの使いやすいカスタム版で、「英文の文法解析」を作りました。入力窓に、文法構造を分析してもらいたい英文を入れると、ChatGPTが文法構造を説明してくれます。高校生を主なユーザーとして設定しています。これを使ってどんどん自分で英語を勉強していってください。

カスタムGPT「英文の文法解析」

 まだ作ったばかりなので不備もあるかもしれませんが、よかったらお試しください。

 以下は、 "Trump told the former prime minister of Canada Justin Trudeau “that he did not believe that the treaty that demarcates the border between the two countries was valid and that he wants to revise the boundary.”" という英文を入力した時の出力例です。

*****

こちらは、「Trump told the former prime minister of Canada Justin Trudeau “that he did not believe that the treaty that demarcates the border between the two countries was valid and that he wants to revise the boundary.”」という英文の構文解析です。すべての単語を含む、わかりやすい構文木を作成し、高校英語で習う文法用語を使って説明します。

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【全体構造】

この文は 主節 と that節（間接話法） から成る複文です。

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🌳 構文木（ツリー形式）

[主節]
Trump (S)
└── told (V)
    └── the former prime minister of Canada Justin Trudeau (O)
        └── "that" 節（間接話法の内容）(DO: tellの直接目的語)
            └── that he did not believe (名詞節の先頭 / 同格のthat節)
                └── [he (S) + did not believe (V) + that節 (O)]
                    └── that the treaty that demarcates the border between the two countries was valid
                        └── the treaty (S)
                            └── that demarcates the border between the two countries (関係代名詞の形容詞節)
                                └── that (S)
                                └── demarcates (V)
                                └── the border between the two countries (O)
                        └── was valid (V+C)
            └── and that he wants to revise the boundary (並列するthat節)
                └── he (S)
                └── wants (V)
                └── to revise the boundary (O: to不定詞句)

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🧩 文の分解と文法ポイント

① 主節:

Trump told the former prime minister of Canada Justin Trudeau ～

• Trump（主語/S）

• told（動詞/V：tellの過去形）

• the former prime minister of Canada Justin Trudeau（目的語/O）

  • “the former prime minister”に “of Canada” と “Justin Trudeau” がついて詳しく説明されています。

---

② that節（間接話法の内容）:

②-1: that he did not believe that the treaty... was valid

• he（主語）

• did not believe（動詞）

• that節（目的語）

  • このthat節の中にさらに別のthat節が入っている（入れ子構造）

⮑ that the treaty that demarcates the border... was valid

• the treaty（主語）

• that demarcates the border between the two countries
  　→ 関係代名詞「that」による形容詞節。主語「the treaty」を修飾。

• was valid（動詞 + 補語）

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②-2: and that he wants to revise the boundary

• and：等位接続詞。前の「that節」と並列。

• he（主語）

• wants（動詞）

• to revise the boundary（目的語：to不定詞句）

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✅ ポイントまとめ（高校生向け）

• この文は「主節（SVO）」＋「that節（間接話法の内容）」で構成されている。

• 間接話法の中には 二つのthat節 があり、「and」でつながれている。

• 入れ子構造（ネスト）になっており、「believe」の目的語としてさらに「that the treaty... was valid」という文が入っている。

• 「the treaty that demarcates...」のように関係代名詞を使って名詞を詳しく説明している。

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必要であれば、視覚的な構文図（ツリー図）として図解もできます！欲しい？

追記（2025/03/25）

このアプリの開発を思いついたのは、X (Twitter) で「直読直解を勧める教師は、文法構造でつまずいている生徒にどう対応するのだ！？文法訳読式はやはり必要だ！」といった主張を見たときです。平泉-渡部論争のまとめを書いたときも、直訳重視の英語教育の問題点について改めて考えたので、アプリを作ってみようと思いました。

追記（2025/03/26）

早速このアプリを試していただいた方によりますと、このアプリは通常の garden path sentence　（袋小路文＝複数の構文解釈を許す構造的曖昧性をもった文）を入れても、きちんと複数の構文解釈を提示してくれるそうです。

ただ、相当に意地の悪い文（笑）--通常挿入するカンマをあえて除去した文--を入れると、一つの解釈（カンマがない場合の通常の解釈）しか提示しなかったそうです。とはいえ、その方がもう一つの可能性を指摘したところ、ちゃんとカンマが入った場合の構文解釈をしなおしたそうです。

AIを使うときの鉄則の一つですが、回答に納得がいかない場合は、AIにさらなる説明を求めてください（人間と違って、AIは何度でも丁寧に説明してくれます）。どうしても納得がゆかない場合は、人間の専門家に尋ねてください。

*****

関連記事

【ご自由にお使いください】中高生の英語ライティング力向上ChatGPTプロンプト/カスタムGPT　

https://yanase-yosuke.blogspot.com/2025/02/chatgptgpt.html

【2つ追加！】AIを活用した英会話練習のすすめ―9つのChatGPTプロンプト（カスタムGPTs）の紹介

https://yanase-yosuke.blogspot.com/2025/02/ai7chatgptgpts.html

英語でのsmall talkに慣れるためには、まずactive listeningの方法を学ぼう！ -- お勧めYouTube動画の紹介

自由で気軽な英会話 (small talk) に上達するために最初に行うべきことの一つは、よい聞き方 (active listeneing) を学ぶことでしょう。この場合のよい聞き方とは、十分に相手の英語を認識できるといったことよりもむしろ、相手の話に興味をもっていることを、仕草や短い言葉や質問で示すことです。

下に集めたのは、そのような聞き方を学ぶためのYouTube動画です。(1) では英語学習者用の動画を集めました。(2) ではsmall talkで使われる典型的な表現をひたすらに列挙した動画を紹介しています。外国語として英語を話す学習者は、基本的な表現に慣れておいた方がよいので、このような機械的な学習動画もここに掲載しました。(3) は一般人向けの動画ですが、英語学習者としても参考になることが多いはずです。

これらの動画は、OpenAI o1 pro, Gemini 2.0, PerplexityのDeep Researchが推薦したものの中で、私なりに有益だと思ったものです（ちなみにこれらのDeep Researchでは、Perplexityの結果がもっとも役立ちました）。

動画タイトルとURLの下には、Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking (experimental) が作成した要約をそのまま掲載しています。Google社はGeminiのこのモードをまだ試験的なものとしていますので、これらの要約は完全に信頼できるものではないかもしれません。ですが、とりあえず皆さんが、動画を見るかどうかを決めるための情報にはなるかと思い、ここに掲載します。

(1) FOR ENGLISH LEARNERS

Active Listening in English - Improve English Communication Skills  - Oxford Online English (12:26)  

https://youtu.be/aCutWBCCMaA?si=Jzr9rPufwpK68JCS

The YouTube video titled "Active Listening: How to Understand What People Are Really Saying" provides a lesson on improving English communication skills through active listening. Here's a summary of the key points:

• Definition: Active listening involves actively participating in a conversation, even when not speaking, by providing verbal and non-verbal feedback to demonstrate engagement and comprehension [00:16], [02:27].

• Importance: It helps to show understanding and allows the speaker to adjust their communication for better clarity [03:12].

• Techniques:

• Use simple affirmative words and sounds like "yeah," "okay," or "uh-huh" [04:18].

• React emotionally with appropriate intonation, using phrases such as "really?" or "that's great!" [06:03], [07:14].

• Indicate lack of understanding by saying "what?" or "huh?" and then clarifying the point of confusion [09:43], [10:33].

• Employ nonverbal cues like facial expressions and gestures [11:06].

The video concludes by encouraging viewers to consider cultural differences in active listening and to practice these techniques to enhance their communication skills [11:40].

Get BETTER at CONVERSATIONS in English... with ACTIVE LISTENING - English with Benen (6:46)

https://youtu.be/ZqBRRT39L3Y?si=2gKtNUferjjC7Zvk

This video offers guidance on how to be a more engaged listener in English conversations. Here's a summary of the key techniques:

• Use verbal cues: Employ sounds like "mm-hmm" or "aha" to signal that you are paying attention [00:36].

• Incorporate simple words: Show your interest by using words such as "oh," "really," or "okay" [01:07].

• Echo key words: Repeat important words or concepts that the speaker has mentioned. For instance, if someone says they are traveling to Greece, you could respond with "Greece? Wow!" [01:29].

• Form echo questions: Create brief questions by using the auxiliary verb and the subject of the sentence. For example, if someone says, "I haven't tried Chinese food before," you could ask, "Haven't you?" [02:19]. If there is no auxiliary verb, use "do" in the appropriate tense, such as "Did you?" or "Do you?" [03:37].

5 Phrases For Active Listening - Learn To Converse Like A Native - English For IT (3:48)

https://youtu.be/KmLKazPdUns?si=BZaIe4BveNhX7i5C

This video provides five English phrases to help keep conversations flowing:

• "Oh, wow": This can be used when someone shares something interesting. Remember to use the right intonation [00:50].

• "Really": This shows interest or surprise and can also be used sarcastically [01:34].

• "I know, right": Use this to express complete agreement with the speaker [02:10].

• "Tell me more": This encourages the speaker to continue their story and provide more details [02:45].

• "And then what happened": Similar to "tell me more," this phrase shows your interest in hearing the rest of the story [03:08].

The video also highlights the importance of using enthusiastic intonation when using these phrases [03:37].

Five Ways to Show Active Listening During Conversations in English - English with Kim (10:35)

https://youtu.be/UaWEAYooP-U?si=zUsQJfLYVUCcAp6U

Active listening, a crucial communication skill in American culture, is the focus of this video. It emphasizes the importance of demonstrating engagement, especially for those who are not native English speakers.

Here are the key techniques discussed in the video:

• Eye contact: Maintaining relaxed eye contact signals attentiveness [02:05].

• Nodding: Occasional nods indicate agreement and encourage the speaker to continue [03:35].

• Facial expressions: Reacting with appropriate facial expressions shows engagement and mirrors the speaker's emotions [05:02].

• Rejoinders: Using short sounds like "mm-hmm" or "aha" encourages the speaker to keep talking [06:37].

• Clarifying questions: Asking questions to clarify shows you are paying attention and encourages deeper conversation [08:39].

You can watch the full video here: Active Listening in the USA

SMALL TALK | How to keep a conversation going in English - mmmEnglish (13:04)

https://youtu.be/blUuMcKuzQE?si=LuxQ69P24QYnE4Nw

This video by mmmEnglish offers seven helpful tips for enhancing your English conversation skills, particularly in small talk situations:

• Identify your preferred topics: Consider activities, hobbies, projects, and ideas that you find enjoyable to discuss [02:19].

• Employ open-ended questions: Utilize "wh" questions (who, what, where, when, why, how, which) to encourage more elaborate responses [04:10].

• Incorporate question tags: Append short tags to the end of statements to invite the other person to share their perspective [05:36].

• Demonstrate active listening: Use gestures, brief affirmations, echo questions, and paraphrasing to show your engagement [06:46].

• Embrace moments of silence: Allow the other person time to contribute to the conversation [10:21].

• Engage in regular practice: Seek opportunities to converse with native English speakers whenever possible [11:04].

• Learn useful expressions: Familiarize yourself with phrases for initiating and concluding conversations [11:43].

Small Talk | Useful Phrases & Questions for Everyday Conversation - mmmEnglish (7:24)

https://youtu.be/UcVNwvpQm8A?si=k1q6C7UgtNXPM0-g

This video, the second in a series on small talk, offers essential phrases and expressions for effective English conversations [00:08].

Here is a summary of the key points:

• Discussing News and Current Events: The video suggests initiating such discussions with the phrase "Did you hear about...?" while advising against controversial topics like politics or religion [01:18]. It also recommends following up with questions such as "What do you think about that?" to encourage the other person to share their opinions [02:31].

• Initiating Conversations at Social or Networking Events: To connect with others in these settings, the video proposes asking "How do you know...?" if there is a mutual acquaintance [03:30]. Offering compliments, such as "I love that dress," is also presented as an effective way to start a conversation [03:51].

• Politely Concluding Conversations: In a work environment, the phrase "Well, I'd better get back to work" is suggested [05:29]. For social events, "I'd better keep moving" is offered as a polite way to end a conversation [05:45]. Additionally, excusing oneself by mentioning that you are looking for someone or something is also recommended [05:51].

The video concludes by emphasizing the importance of practicing these phrases to enhance one's English conversation proficiency [06:45].

5 Keys to Successful Small Talk in English and Why it Matters - English Etc. With Julie (9:39)

https://youtu.be/j9CVGQJvROs?si=DhefmKIh95gnKGDB

This video delves into the significance of small talk and offers five key principles for successful engagement in such conversations.

Here's a concise breakdown of the video's content:

• The Value of Small Talk: Engaging in small talk is essential for fostering connections, making favorable first impressions, bridging social silences, and interpreting social cues [00:21].

• Cultivate Openness and Curiosity: Demonstrate genuine interest in others by showing curiosity about their perspectives and experiences [02:32].

• Maintain a Light and Positive Tone: Initiate conversations with lighthearted topics to facilitate a comfortable transition into more substantive discussions, thereby establishing a positive atmosphere [03:35].

• Practice Active Listening: Actively participate and respond appropriately to indicate sincere interest, even in seemingly trivial exchanges [05:01].

• Employ Open-Ended Questions: Encourage more elaborate responses by asking questions that require more than a simple "yes" or "no" [05:39].

• Identify Common Ground: Establish rapport by seeking shared interests or experiences with the person you are conversing with [07:01].

(2) REMEMBERING TYPICAL PHRASES

100 Small Talk Questions and Answers - Real English Conversation (30:44)

https://youtu.be/8vPXIsAqmjg?si=OG2mflnyAVuNaRQC

500 Small Talk Effective English Speaking Practices for Beginners || Improve Listening Skills (2:05:34)

https://youtu.be/dRXmsTUYYJE?si=Chnd6C3Ln_lAZ748

(3) FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC

Listen Better: 5 Essential Phrases for Active/Reflective Listening (7:10)

https://youtu.be/tgLfz3dh5UE?si=slht3bBEE08SFisb

This video explains the concept of reflective listening, also known as active listening or looping back, and how it can be beneficial in daily life [00:00]. Reflective listening involves restating what someone has said to ensure understanding, demonstrate attentiveness, and encourage further sharing of feelings [00:54].

The video suggests using five key phrases when practicing reflective listening:

• "You are..." [02:56]

• "It sounds like..." [04:05]

• "It seems..." [04:25]

• "What I'm hearing is..." [04:56]

• "You seem to be saying..." [05:25]

The video highlights the importance of using these phrases with genuine intent to listen and show care for others, rather than merely employing them as a technique [01:42]. The main idea is to concentrate on the speaker's words and emotions, using the provided phrases as a framework to articulate your observations [03:25].

6 Winning Phrases for Active Listening so You Can Become a Better Listener at Work - Kara Ronin (10:02)

https://youtu.be/QRwmVKqtZH4?si=Q5QzISHhroFAxCWW

This video by Kara Ronin discusses active listening and how to improve it, particularly in the workplace.

Key takeaways from the video include:

• Active listening is essential for building strong relationships both at work and in personal life [00:00]. It demonstrates engagement and understanding towards the speaker [00:26].

• Key steps to practice active listening involve:

• Stopping talking to provide the speaker with ample time and space [01:12].

• Focusing intently on the speaker by minimizing distractions and maintaining eye contact [03:01].

• Listening with the primary goal of understanding the speaker's message [04:36].

• The video provides six helpful phrases to facilitate active listening:

• "So what you're saying is..." [07:13]

• "It seems like you're feeling..." [07:26]

• "What I hear is that..." [07:34]

• "Let me understand what you're saying..." [08:16]

• "I want to make sure I clearly understand..." [08:30]

• "It must be/feel..." [08:42]

• Using these phrases helps in reiterating the speaker's points, ensuring clarity, and showing attentiveness [06:48, 09:27].

For more details, you can watch the full video at Active Listening: How To Be A Better Listener At Work.

関連記事

【まとめ記事】英語の発音を自学自習できるYouTube動画のリスト

https://yanase-yosuke.blogspot.com/2023/10/youtube.html