追記（2023/05/29）
以下のプロンプトを大幅に改訂したVer. 2を公開しました。以下のプロンプトよりもはるかに高性能ですから、ぜひこの記事ではなく下のVer. 2の記事をご参照ください。（下の記事は記録のために残しておきます）。
【大幅改訂】
ChatGPT学術英語ライティング添削・改訂プロンプト (Ver.2)
-- まず文法・句読点・綴りの添削を出力し、次に文体的な改訂を出力するようにしました。
https://yanase-yosuke.blogspot.com/2023/05/chatgptver2.html
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追記（2023/05/24）
ChatGPTが出力する英語の改訂例のレベルが高すぎると感じる場合は、プロンプトの"a college instructor" を "a high school instructor" か "a middle school instructor" に変更してください。詳しくは下の「プロンプトの変種」と「実例3」と「実例4」を御覧ください。
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以下に、ChatGPTに学術英語ライティングの指導をさせるプロンプトを公開します。今後、授業で使ってその効果について学んだりプロンプトを改善したりしたいと思っています。ご興味のある方はご自由にこのプロンプトをコピーしてご利用ください。もしいいプロンプト改善例などありましたらご教示いただけたらありがたく思います。
■ 効果
以下で紹介するChatGPTのプロンプトは、入力した英文が学術英語としてどのような問題点を有しているかを簡単に指摘し、入力英文を改訂した英文を出力します（比較しやすいように出力にも入力文を含めています）。
学習者（大学レベル以上）は、ChatGPTが出力した問題点と改訂例を吟味することにより、英語ライティング力の質を上げることができます。（指導者がいる場合は、指導者はその学習者の吟味の様子をモニターし、適切な助言を加えることが望まれます）。
関連記事
ChatGPT英語例文自動添削プロンプト
■ プロンプト（2023/05/23版：プロンプトは予告なしに改修することがあります）
@ ROLE
You're a college instructor of academic English.
@ DEFINITION
Academic writing must use formal language.
Words in academic writing must be specific and strong.
Sentences in academic writing must be correct in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Sentences in academic writing cannot be too short (choppy) or too long.
Expressions in academic writing must be clear, correct, and concise.
Arguments in academic writing must be logical and coherent.
@ GOAL
Your goal is to help students become sophisticated writers of academic English.
@ TASKS
You have two tasks.
#1. Identify problems in the text delimited by three dashes and explain all of these problems to your student.
#2. Revise the text to overcome the problems in #1, without adding new information or argument to the text.
@ OUTPUT FORMAT
Use the following format:
Original Text: <The text delimited by three dashes>
Problems: <Response to the task #1>
Revision: <Response to the task #2>
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［ここに自分が書いた英文を入力する］
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■ プロンプトの変種（高校版と中学版）（2023/05/24に追加）
もし大学生レベルの英語を要求するこのプロンプトが出力する英語のRevision（下にある実例1：GPT-4を使用と実例2：GPT-3.5を使用）を見て英語のレベルが高すぎると思われた場合は、上のプロンプトの「@ROLE」の "a college instructor" を "a high school instructor" か "a middle school instructor" に変更してください。
その変更版での出力は、下の実例3（GPT-4を使用）と実例4（GPT-3.5を使用）でご確認ください。
また言うまでもありませんが、ここでいう「大学・高校・中学」は米国の校種です。ですから日本の大学生が、米国の高校や中学のレベルの指導を受けることは恥ずかしいことでもなんでもありません。
■ 実例1：GPT-4を使って米国大学生英語のレベルで指導（注１）
（注１）英文の内容は、密閉型スピーカーの優位性を主張するものです。多くのオーディオファンからは「バスレフ型スピーカーを悪く言いすぎだ」とお叱りを受ける主張になっていますことをお許しください。個人的に密閉型スピーカーの低音が好きなのでこのような英文を書いてしまいました（笑）。
やや低レベルの英語（注）を入力した場合の出力 (GPT-4)
（注２）この英文にはわざと英語の間違いを含めています。
Original Text: Many people love music, but do not know anything about speakers. Do you know that many speakers have holes? They are usually round, but sometimes not round. They are big fluto and make big bass sound. These speakers, by the way, are called ported speakers, because holes are ports. Because of ports, these speakers make big sound although they are not really big in size. People like big bass and company sell these speaker for this reason. But some people like sealed box speakers that doesn't have holes. They know holes are bad for sound. You should know more about speaker. So I'll explain why ported speaker are bad in this essay.
Problems: The text has several issues pertaining to academic writing standards. First, the language used is informal and lacks specific and strong words. Phrases like "big fluto" and "big bass" are not specific and sound informal. Secondly, there are grammatical and punctuation errors. For instance, "company sell these speaker" should be "companies sell these speakers". Additionally, the verb agreement is incorrect in "speakers that doesn't have holes". The text also lacks clarity in some parts, such as "They are big fluto". Finally, the argument is not entirely logical and coherent. The text begins by stating that many people do not know about speakers, but then abruptly concludes that some people prefer sealed box speakers because they know holes are bad for sound.
Revision: Music is a universal passion, yet the technicalities of sound equipment, such as speakers, often remain an enigma to many. Have you ever noticed the circular openings in numerous speaker models? These, occasionally varying in shape, are technically known as ports, integral to what are referred to as ported speakers. The purpose of these ports is to enhance the bass output, thereby creating a more pronounced sound, even though the physical dimensions of the speakers themselves might be relatively compact. This amplified bass effect has commercial appeal, leading manufacturers to market these types of speakers extensively. However, a contrasting preference exists for sealed box speakers, which, in their absence of ports, offer a different sound quality. Some audiophiles argue that the lack of ports can provide a more controlled sound output. This essay will further delve into the argument against ported speakers, shedding light on their perceived disadvantages.
中級レベルの英語を入力した場合の出力 (GPT-4)
Original Text: Many music lovers do not care whether their loudspeakers have holes in the boxes. These openings, often circular and occasionally rectangular, are called bass-reflex ports. They function like a flute by emitting bass sounds. Loudspeakers with such ports, commonly known as ported speakers, produce massive bass sounds relative to their sizes. Consequently, most commercial loudspeaker manufacturers offer ported speakers as their voluminous bass sounds attract most consumers. However, some discerning music enthusiasts prefer sealed box speakers that lack ports. They recognize that ports often distort sound frequencies. Music lovers should educate themselves about the mechanics of loudspeakers. This essay explains how the unequal low-frequency resonance through bass-reflex ports is responsible for inaccurate music reproduction.
Problems:
1. Informality: The term "holes in the boxes" is informal and vague. It would be more precise to say "openings in the speaker enclosures".
2. Repetition: The term "bass sounds" is repeated too often. It can be replaced with synonymous terms like "bass tones" or "bass output" to avoid repetition.
3. Passive voice: The phrase "are called" and "are responsible for" is in passive voice, which is not always clear or direct.
4. Word choice: The term "massive" is informal. A more formal and precise term such as "significant" or "pronounced" would be more appropriate.
5. Lack of specificity: The phrase "music lovers" is too broad and lacks specificity. It would be clearer to refer to "audiophiles" or "sound enthusiasts".
6. Lack of coherence: The final sentence introduces a new concept (unequal low-frequency resonance) without proper transition, making the paragraph less coherent.
Revision: A substantial number of sound enthusiasts seem indifferent to the presence of openings in their loudspeaker enclosures. These apertures, typically circular but occasionally rectangular, are known as bass-reflex ports. They operate analogously to a flute, emitting bass tones. Loudspeakers equipped with these ports, frequently referred to as ported speakers, generate pronounced bass output relative to their physical dimensions. As a result, a majority of commercial loudspeaker manufacturers market ported speakers, leveraging their powerful bass output to appeal to the consumer base. Nevertheless, some discerning audio aficionados show a preference for sealed box speakers, which do not feature ports. These individuals understand that ports can often result in frequency distortion. Audiophiles, therefore, would benefit from a deeper understanding of loudspeaker mechanics. The focus of this essay is to elucidate how the uneven low-frequency resonance, occurring through bass-reflex ports, can lead to an inaccurate reproduction of music.
■ 実例2：GPT-3.5を使って米国大学生英語のレベルで指導
やや低レベルの英語を入力した場合の出力 (GPT-3.5)
Original Text:
Many people love music, but do not know anything about speakers. Do you know that many speakers have holes? They are usually round, but sometimes not round. They are big fluto and make big bass sound. These speakers, by the way, are called ported speakers, because holes are ports. Because of ports, these speakers make big sound although they are not really big in size. People like big bass and company sell these speaker for this reason. But some people like sealed box speakers that doesn't have holes. They know holes are bad for sound. You should know more about speaker. So I'll explain why ported speaker are bad in this essay.
Problems:
1. Lack of formal language: The language used in the text is informal and lacks the formality required for academic writing.
2. Vague and imprecise language: The text uses imprecise and unclear language to describe speakers and their features.
3. Grammatical errors: There are several grammar errors in the text, including incorrect verb forms and inconsistent sentence structures.
4. Inconsistent use of punctuation: The text lacks consistent and appropriate use of punctuation marks.
5. Sentence structure issues: The text contains sentences that are too short and choppy, while others are too long and lack clarity.
6. Lack of clarity and conciseness: The expressions used in the text are not clear and concise, leading to confusion and wordiness.
7. Lack of logical coherence: The arguments presented in the text are not logically organized and lack coherence.
Revision:
Many individuals have a deep appreciation for music, yet their understanding of speakers remains limited. Are you aware that speakers often incorporate ports, which are essentially holes? These ports can be either round or non-round in shape. They serve the purpose of enhancing the bass sound, resulting in a fuller auditory experience. Such speakers are commonly referred to as "ported speakers" due to the presence of these ports. Despite their relatively compact size, ported speakers are capable of producing a powerful sound, particularly favored by individuals who enjoy strong bass. However, there are those who prefer sealed box speakers that lack these ports, as they recognize the potential negative impact of holes on sound quality. It is crucial to develop a deeper understanding of speakers. In this essay, I will delve into the reasons why ported speakers are considered unfavorable.
Note: The revised text maintains the same meaning as the original text while addressing the identified problems.
中級レベルの英語を入力した場合の出力 (GPT-3.5)
Original Text:
Many music lovers do not care whether their loudspeakers have holes in the boxes. These openings, often circular and occasionally rectangular, are called bass-reflex ports. They function like a flute by emitting bass sounds. Loudspeakers with such ports, commonly known as ported speakers, produce massive bass sounds relative to their sizes. Consequently, most commercial loudspeaker manufacturers offer ported speakers as their voluminous bass sounds attract most consumers. However, some discerning music enthusiasts prefer sealed box speakers that lack ports. They recognize that ports often distort sound frequencies. Music lovers should educate themselves about the mechanics of loudspeakers. This essay explains how the unequal low-frequency resonance through bass-reflex ports is responsible for inaccurate music reproduction.
Problems:
1. Inconsistent use of formal language: The text contains informal language such as "do not care" and "most consumers," which is not suitable for academic writing.
2. Lack of specificity and strength in word choice: The text uses general terms like "massive bass sounds" without providing precise details or strong descriptions.
3. Sentence structure issues: The sentences vary in length, and some are too short, leading to a choppy flow. Additionally, there are no punctuation or spelling errors.
4. Lack of clarity and conciseness: The text could be more concise and clear in expressing its ideas.
5. Lack of logical and coherent arguments: The essay lacks a clear argument or logical progression of ideas.
Revision:
Many music enthusiasts disregard the presence of openings in their loudspeakers' enclosures. These apertures, commonly referred to as bass-reflex ports, come in various shapes, such as circular or rectangular. Similar to a flute, they serve the purpose of emitting bass sounds. Loudspeakers equipped with such ports, known as ported speakers, deliver substantial bass output relative to their compact sizes. Consequently, a majority of commercial loudspeaker manufacturers provide ported speakers to cater to the preference for powerful bass among consumers. However, certain discerning music enthusiasts favor sealed box speakers that lack these ports. They recognize the tendency of ports to distort sound frequencies. Therefore, it is crucial for music lovers to familiarize themselves with the mechanics of loudspeakers. This essay elucidates the role of unequal low-frequency resonance through bass-reflex ports in contributing to the inaccurate reproduction of music.
■ 実例3：GPT-4を使って米国の高校生と中学生の英語レベルで指導
@ROLEを "a high school instructor"にした高校生レベルの出力（GPT-4）
やや低レベルの英語を入力
Original Text: Many people love music, but do not know anything about speakers. Do you know that many speakers have holes? They are usually round, but sometimes not round. They are big fluto and make big bass sound. These speakers, by the way, are called ported speakers, because holes are ports. Because of ports, these speakers make big sound although they are not really big in size. People like big bass and company sell these speaker for this reason. But some people like sealed box speakers that doesn't have holes. They know holes are bad for sound. You should know more about speaker. So I'll explain why ported speaker are bad in this essay.
Problems:
1. Informal Language: The text uses phrases like "do you know" and "by the way," which are more suitable for conversational English rather than academic writing.
2. Vague and Weak Words: Words like "many", "big", "sometimes", and "some" are not specific or strong enough for academic writing. The term "big fluto" is unclear.
3. Grammar and Spelling Errors: There are several grammatical errors in the text, such as "company sell these speaker" and "speakers that doesn't have holes". Also, "speaker" is repeatedly used incorrectly in singular form when it should be plural, and "ported speaker" lacks an article before it.
4. Sentence Length: Some sentences are too short, making the text choppy, like "They are big fluto and make big bass sound."
5. Unclear Expressions: The text doesn't clearly explain certain concepts. For example, it doesn't explain why ports can be "bad" for sound, or what it means that ports can create a "big" sound.
6. Illogical Argument: The text makes an assertion that ported speakers are "bad" without giving any supporting evidence or explanation for this claim.
Revision: A significant number of music enthusiasts lack a deep understanding of speaker technology. For instance, speakers, specifically known as ported speakers, are often manufactured with ports—openings which could be circular or non-circular in design. These ports, typically sizable, enhance the bass output of the speakers. Despite the relatively compact size of these speakers, they produce a pronounced sound, predominantly due to these ports. The appeal of heightened bass prompts manufacturers to commercialize these ported speakers extensively. In contrast, a segment of consumers prefer speakers without ports, commonly referred to as sealed box speakers, grounded in their belief that ports compromise the audio quality. Expanding one's knowledge of speakers is beneficial, and this essay will delve into the reasons why ported speakers can potentially be disadvantageous.
@ROLEを "a middle school instructor"にした中学生レベルの出力（GPT-4）
やや低レベルの英語を入力
Original Text: Many people love music, but do not know anything about speakers. Do you know that many speakers have holes? They are usually round, but sometimes not round. They are big fluto and make big bass sound. These speakers, by the way, are called ported speakers, because holes are ports. Because of ports, these speakers make big sound although they are not really big in size. People like big bass and company sell these speaker for this reason. But some people like sealed box speakers that doesn't have holes. They know holes are bad for sound. You should know more about speaker. So I'll explain why ported speaker are bad in this essay.
Problems:
1. The text uses informal language, which is not appropriate for academic writing. Examples include phrases like "do you know" and "by the way".
2. The text has several instances of incorrect grammar. Examples include "many speakers have holes" instead of "many speakers have ports", "big fluto" which doesn't make sense, "they are not really big", and "company sell these speaker".
3. Some sentences are not clear, correct, and concise. For instance, "They are usually round, but sometimes not round" is not clear or precise.
4. There is a lack of specificity in word choice. Words like "big", "holes", and "things" are used repeatedly but do not provide clear information.
5. There is a lack of coherence in the argument. The text transitions abruptly between topics, making the argument hard to follow.
6. Lastly, the text contains spelling and punctuation errors, including missing plural forms and incorrect verb tenses.
Revision:
Numerous individuals have a passion for music, yet lack a thorough understanding of the intricacies of speakers. It may surprise some to learn that a number of speaker designs incorporate ports, typically circular in shape, but occasionally differing in form. These openings, often substantial in size, are key to producing deep, resonant bass tones. Known as ported speakers, the inclusion of these ports allows for a magnified audio output despite the relatively compact size of the speaker itself. This characteristic of generating powerful bass is highly coveted by consumers, thus leading manufacturers to market these speakers prominently. On the other hand, a faction of audio enthusiasts prefer sealed box speakers, devoid of ports, under the conviction that the latter negatively impacts the sound quality. For the uninitiated, it is crucial to delve deeper into speaker design, particularly to understand the potential drawbacks of ported speakers, which will be elaborated in this essay.
■ 実例4：GPT-3.5を使って米国の高校生と中学生の英語レベルで指導
@ROLEを "a high school instructor"にした高校生レベルの出力（GPT-3.5）
やや低レベルの英語を入力
Original Text: Many people love music, but do not know anything about speakers. Do you know that many speakers have holes? They are usually round, but sometimes not round. They are big fluto and make big bass sound. These speakers, by the way, are called ported speakers, because holes are ports. Because of ports, these speakers make big sound although they are not really big in size. People like big bass and company sell these speaker for this reason. But some people like sealed box speakers that doesn't have holes. They know holes are bad for sound. You should know more about speaker. So I'll explain why ported speaker are bad in this essay.
Problems:
1. Lack of formal language: The language used in the text is informal and lacks the formal tone required for academic writing.
2. Lack of specificity: The text uses vague and general terms like "many people," "big bass sound," and "company" without providing specific details or references.
3. Incorrect grammar and punctuation: There are several instances of incorrect grammar, such as "These speakers, by the way, are called ported speakers, because holes are ports." The punctuation and capitalization are also inconsistent throughout the text.
4. Inconsistent sentence structure: The sentences vary in length and structure, resulting in choppy and unclear writing.
5. Lack of coherence and logical flow: The text lacks a clear structure and fails to provide a coherent argument or explanation.
Revision:
Many individuals have a deep appreciation for music, yet their knowledge about speakers remains limited. Are you aware that speakers often incorporate openings? These openings, which can take various shapes, serve as ports for sound transmission. These speakers, commonly referred to as ported speakers, are highly sought after due to their ability to produce deep bass sounds. Interestingly, their size does not correspond to the magnitude of their sound output. The market caters to the demand for prominent bass by offering these speakers. However, some individuals prefer sealed box speakers that lack openings, as they believe openings negatively impact sound quality. It is essential to gain a deeper understanding of speakers. Consequently, this essay aims to explain the drawbacks associated with ported speakers.
@ROLEを "a middle school instructor"にした中学生レベルの出力（GPT-3.5）
やや低レベルの英語を入力
Original Text:
Many people love music, but do not know anything about speakers. Do you know that many speakers have holes? They are usually round, but sometimes not round. They are big fluto and make big bass sound. These speakers, by the way, are called ported speakers, because holes are ports. Because of ports, these speakers make big sound although they are not really big in size. People like big bass and company sell these speaker for this reason. But some people like sealed box speakers that doesn't have holes. They know holes are bad for sound. You should know more about speaker. So I'll explain why ported speaker are bad in this essay.
Problems:
1. Informal language: The text uses casual and informal language ("Do you know," "fluto") which is not appropriate for academic writing.
2. Lack of specificity: The text lacks specific details and explanations, making the content less informative.
3. Grammar and punctuation errors: There are several grammar and punctuation errors throughout the text.
4. Inconsistent sentence structure: The sentences vary in length and structure, resulting in choppiness and lack of coherence.
5. Lack of clarity and conciseness: The ideas in the text are not clearly expressed and could be more concise.
Revision:
Many individuals have a passion for music, yet they often lack knowledge about speakers. Are you aware that speakers commonly feature openings? These openings, known as ports, are typically round, though occasionally they may have different shapes. Ports play a crucial role in enhancing the bass output of speakers. Despite their compact size, ported speakers are capable of producing powerful sounds. This is why they are sought after by individuals who appreciate deep bass, prompting companies to sell these speakers. However, some people prefer sealed box speakers that do not have any openings. They understand that openings can negatively impact sound quality. It is important to have a deeper understanding of speakers. In this essay, I will elaborate on the reasons why ported speakers are considered unfavorable.
その他の関連記事
ChatGPTと音声で英会話する方法（上級者用）
追記（2023/05/24）
このプロンプトを使う私の授業方針は以下のとおりです。
英語力の定義
英語力は、生身の英語力と機械を使いこなすことで可能になる英語力の合成だと考えます。ただし、機械をこなすためには、相当の生身の英語力が必要です。
授業プロセス
授業のプロセスは以下のとおりです。
1. 学生は授業中にAIを使わずに英語エッセイを書く。ただし辞書の参照や周りのクラスメートとの相談は可能。学生は授業終了時までにエッセイを書いたファイルをLMS (Learning Management System) に提出。
2. 教師は授業終了後に、上のプロンプトを使ってAIで学生のエッセイに対するフィードバックを自動生成する。教師はそのフィードバックをLMSで学生と共有する。（本来はこの過程も学生にやってほしいところですが、現時点ではすべての学生がChatGPT (GPT-4) を使えるわけではないので、教師がやります）。
3. 学生は次の授業でAIからのフィードバックを吟味し、納得できる点および納得できない点を根拠を示した上でレポートにまとめる。根拠はウェブ上のリソースなどから引用する。学生は授業終了時までにレポートを書いたファイルをLMSに提出。
4. 教師は授業終了後に、学生のレポートを読み、ハイライトやコメントでフィードバックを与える。教師はそのフィードバックをLMSで学生と共有する。（次の授業では学生はその教師からのフィードバックを読んだ上で、1の作業に戻る）。
